In autogamous plants like Arabidopsis ((subfamily genes, which contain TCP target motifs in their promoters. filament elongation. Stamen filament elongation is particularly important in self-pollinating, autogamous species, like Arabidopsis (genes and show defects in stamen filament elongation and anther maturation (Nagpal et al., 2005; Cecchetti et al., 2008; Tashiro et al., 2009; Tabata et al., 2010; Reeves et al., 2012). Particularly, a splice variant of ((Ghelli et al., 2018). Auxin transport from the tapetum through the middle layer and toward the filament is required to coordinate anther maturation with filament growth (Cecchetti et al., 2017). Mutations in JA biosynthesis genes, or in certain components of the JA signaling pathway, also affect filament elongation (Xie et al., 1998; Stintzi and Browse, 2000; Ishiguro et al., 2001; Park et al., 2002). The response to JA in stamens is mediated by two JA-inducible MYB transcription factors, MYB21 and MYB24 (Mandaokar et al., 2006), which are targeted by Jasmonate-ZIM domain proteins (Song BIX 02189 irreversible inhibition et al., 2011). It has been reported that ARF6 and ARF8 induce the expression of JA biosynthesis genes during late stages of stamen development, indicating that auxin acts upstream of JA (Nagpal et al., 2005; Tabata et al., 2010; Reeves et al., 2012). However, the fact that stamen filament elongation is not rescued by JA treatment of mutants (Nagpal et al., 2005) suggests that additional pathways are involved. Among the genes downregulated in mutant flowers, BIX 02189 irreversible inhibition there are several (subfamily (Nagpal Rabbit Polyclonal to OR5B12 et al., 2005). SAUR proteins promote cell expansion by activating plasma membrane H+-ATPases (Spartz et al., 2014) and the overexpression of subfamily members stimulates stamen filament elongation (Chae et al., 2012). Thus, induction of genes by ARF6 BIX 02189 irreversible inhibition and ARF8 may be required, in addition to JA biosynthesis, to stimulate filament elongation. Plants defective in GA biosynthesis or perception also show defects in stamen filament elongation (Cheng et al., 2004; Tyler et al., 2004; Rieu et al., 2008). GAs induce the synthesis of JA and the expression of MYB transcription factors to modulate stamen development; however, the short stamen phenotype of GA-deficient plants cannot be rescued by exogenous JA, suggesting that other GA-dependent, JA-independent pathways are required for correct stamen filament elongation (Cheng et al., 2009). Notably, analysis of available microarray data indicates that several subfamily genes are also induced by GAs (Bai et al., 2012; Ren and Gray, 2015), suggesting that GA-dependent stamen filament elongation may involve the induction of genes. However, the mechanism involved in this process is largely unknown. Teosinte branched1, cycloidea, PCF (TCP) transcription factors regulate several aspects of plant development, including plant architecture, leaf morphogenesis and maturation, inflorescence stem growth, and floral organ development (Martn-Trillo and Cubas, 2010; Manassero et al., 2013). Twenty-four TCP proteins (TCPs), assigned to either class I (13 proteins) or class II (11 proteins), are encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. Class-I proteins show a high degree of functional redundancy, and thus developmental phenotypes are usually observed only in higher-order mutants or plants that express fusions of the TCPs to the EAR domain (Kieffer et al., 2011; Uberti-Manassero et al., 2012; Aguilar-Martnez and Sinha, 2013). Fusions to the EAR domain convert transcription factors into strong dominant repressor forms (Hiratsu et al., 2003). This strategy is useful in cases of genetic redundancy and continues to be widely used to review the part of transcription elements, including those of the TCP family members (Koyama et al., 2007, 2010; Kieffer et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012; Uberti-Manassero et al., 2012; Aguilar-Martnez and Sinha, 2013). This sort of analysis exposed that class-I TCPs either favorably or adversely modulate cell proliferation and enlargement with regards to the body organ/tissue included (Kieffer et al., 2011). Interplay of TCPs with hormone actions was also referred to (Nicolas and Cubas, 2016). For example, TCP14.

In autogamous plants like Arabidopsis ((subfamily genes, which contain TCP target motifs in their promoters