Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on

Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. In several cases family and genus level compared to the control group high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. Mexican genetic resources of represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects. Introduction The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased considerably in countries with a food pattern transition based on the consumption of processed foods. Unfortunately this transition leads to numerous health problems and obesity-related disorders such as the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) one of the major causes of death worldwide [1]. Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated total plasma cholesterol levels cause hyperlipidemia and increased risk of CVD [2]. In the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines proposed to reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations including lower intakes of dietary cholesterol (<200 mg/day) and saturated fat (<7% of calories) as well as an increase in viscous soluble fiber (10-25 g/day) [3]. Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary strategies play a central role in the prevention of atherosclerosis focusing on functional foods containing bioactive compounds capable of adjusting lipid profiles to healthy levels through cholesterol Narlaprevir and lipoprotein metabolism [4]. Cholesterol homeostasis in the body is mainly controlled by the endogenous synthesis intestinal absorption and hepatic excretion of dietary cholesterol. These processes are mediated by several transcription factors which are fundamental to understanding the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (Srebp2) is the key regulator of gene expression linked to cholesterol synthesis including the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr). Srebp2 activation increases the expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) which regulates the liver tissue uptake of LDL-C. Furthermore hepatic cholesterol in the form of oxysterols represents Narlaprevir a group of ligands for the liver X receptor (LXR) transcription factor which upregulates the expression of the sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebp1c) [5]. This factor activates the expression of lipogenic genes [6]. Isoforms of LXR LXR-α and LXR-β are capable of increasing the expression of several genes involved in bile acid synthesis such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) as well as those associated with reverse cholesterol transport including the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G members 5 and 8 (Abcg5 and Abcg8) and the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (Abca1) among others. Recent evidence suggests that high serum cholesterol concentration can be treated using a Narlaprevir Narlaprevir different factor not previously associated with cholesterol metabolism the gut microbiota [7]. Further analyses have shown the important role of microbiota in Narlaprevir regulating whole-body cholesterol homeostasis and its direct association with the development of atherosclerotic CVD [8 9 During dysbiosis there is an increase in the permeability of the gut barrier allowing the entrance of lipopolysaccharides and activating toll-like-4 receptors (TLR-4). These processes lead to the inhibition of LXR activation resulting in an imbalance in cholesterol metabolism [10]. Edible functional and medicinal IL23R mushrooms contain nutrients and bioactive compounds with well-documented effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers [11]. The Narlaprevir hypocholesterolemic effects of mushrooms relevant to CVD involve lipid and lipoprotein metabolism anti-inflammation and the inhibition of oxidative damage and platelet agglutination. In the case of the medicinal mushroom have used strains from Southeast Asia. For these reasons the authors began a bioprospection research program to investigate novel functional and medicinal properties of edible mushrooms based on Mexican genetic resources considering the great and unique biodiversity of this region. Native strains of have been.