1790 nondemented subject matter)

1790 nondemented subject matter).2006[45] Longitudinal Studies Prospective cohort studyDuring a mean follow-up of 12 years there was no association between MedDi-like diet adherence and the development of cognitive dysfunction among 1138 seniors Swedish men.2015[53]Prospective StudyLong-term MedDi adherence was related to moderately better cognition, but not with cognitive change (16,058 women from your Nurses Health Study, aged 70 years or older, 6-years follow-up).2013[62]Cache Region Study on Memory space, Health, and AgingHigher adherence to MedDi was associated with higher levels of cognitive function in elderly men and women over an 11-yr period (= 3831 individuals aged 65 years).2013[63]Respect= 20 individuals).2020[116]Case reportKD improves cognitive assessment of a 71-year-old female, heterozygous for ApoE4 with a family history of AD and analysis of slight AD after 10 weeks.2019[112]Clinical trialKD had no effect on vigilance, visual learning, and memory, operating memory, and executive function (= 11 healthy participants).2019[117]Clinical StudyKD improved immediate and delayed logical memory tests after 8 weeks and both digit-symbol coding test and immediate logical memory test after FD-IN-1 12 weeks in 20 patients with mild-to-moderate AD.2019[113]Case reportKD improves cognitive assessment of a 57-year-old female previously diagnosed with comorbid slight cognitive impairment (MCI) and metabolic syndrome.2018[114]Single-arm pilot trial: Ketogenic Diet Retention and Feasibility Trial (KDRAFT)KD supplemented with medium-chain triglyceride improves AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) after 3 months.2018[115]Case reportHyperketonemia induced by beta-hydroxybutyrate (B-OHB)-promoting ketone monoester induces cognitive improvement2015[111]Clinical trialKD improves memory space function in older adults with MCI (= 23 participants).2012[96]Clinical trialKetosis induced by oral daily administration of ketogenic compound AC-1202 determines a significant improvement in the Alzheimers Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) in E4(-) AD patients.2009[110]Medical trialAdministration of medium-chain triglycerides facilitated cognitive performance within the Alzheimers Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) only in older adults with Rabbit Polyclonal to ABHD14A AD or MCI who have been apolipoprotein E4(-) AD patients.2004[109] Open in a separate window Evidence from preclinical studies reported positive effects of ketones on FD-IN-1 cognitive function [101,102] but also within the regulation of A, which represents the main hallmark of AD. knowledge on this complex topic does not allow us, at this point, to make exhaustive conclusions, this information could be of help in order to better characterize the possible part of MedDi and KD as nonpharmacological therapies in the treatment of AD and, more generically, of neurodegenerative disorders. = 237) but inversely connected in ladies (= 320) residing in Velestino, Greece. Individual food organizations or nutrients did not accomplish a statistically significant association to MMSE score modifications.2013[61]Cross-sectional studyAD and MCI patients had a lower adherence to the MedDi than healthy controls in Australian population (149 patients with AD, 98 with MCI, 723 healthy controls).2012[46]Case-control studyHigher adherence to the MedDi was the main predictor of AD status inside a case-control study nested within a community-based cohort in New York (194 patients with AD vs. 1790 nondemented subjects).2006[45] Longitudinal Studies Prospective cohort studyDuring a mean follow-up of 12 years there was no association between MedDi-like diet adherence and the development of cognitive dysfunction among 1138 seniors Swedish men.2015[53]Prospective StudyLong-term MedDi adherence was related to moderately better cognition, but not with cognitive change (16,058 women from your Nurses Health Study, aged 70 years or older, 6-years follow-up).2013[62]Cache Region Study on Memory space, Health, and AgingHigher adherence to MedDi was associated with higher levels of cognitive function in elderly men and women over an 11-yr period (= 3831 individuals aged 65 years).2013[63]Respect= 20 individuals).2020[116]Case reportKD improves cognitive assessment of a 71-year-old female, heterozygous for ApoE4 with a family history of AD and analysis of mild AD after 10 weeks.2019[112]Clinical trialKD had no effect on vigilance, visual learning, and memory, operating memory, and executive function (= 11 healthy participants).2019[117]Clinical StudyKD improved immediate and delayed logical memory tests after 8 weeks and both digit-symbol coding test and immediate logical memory test after 12 weeks in 20 patients with mild-to-moderate AD.2019[113]Case reportKD improves cognitive assessment of a 57-year-old female previously diagnosed with comorbid slight cognitive impairment (MCI) and metabolic syndrome.2018[114]Single-arm pilot trial: Ketogenic Diet Retention and Feasibility Trial (KDRAFT)KD supplemented with medium-chain triglyceride improves AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) after 3 months.2018[115]Case reportHyperketonemia induced by beta-hydroxybutyrate (B-OHB)-promoting ketone monoester induces cognitive improvement2015[111]Clinical trialKD improves memory space function in older adults with MCI (= 23 participants).2012[96]Clinical FD-IN-1 trialKetosis induced by oral daily administration of ketogenic compound AC-1202 determines a significant improvement in the Alzheimers Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) in E4(-) AD patients.2009[110]Medical trialAdministration of medium-chain triglycerides facilitated cognitive performance within the Alzheimers Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) only in older adults with AD or MCI who have been apolipoprotein E4(-) AD patients.2004[109] Open in a separate window Evidence from preclinical studies reported positive effects of ketones on cognitive function [101,102] but also within the regulation of A, which represents the main hallmark of AD. In a study using a mouse model of AD, Vehicle der Auwera et al. [103] shown for the first time a correlation between KD treatment and the reduction of A manifestation and, as a result, of senile plaque formation and cerebral oxidative stress. This result was replicated inside a subsequent study, where the authors showed that long term treatment with ketone esters were associated not only with a reduction of A and Tau protein deposition, but also with the improvement of overall performance on learning and memory space checks [104]. Furthermore, it has been shown that ketonesblocking A access into neuronsreduce intracellular amyloid aggregation and improve mitochondrial function and memory space ability [105]. In disagreement with these results, a study reported that KD improved engine performance but did not reduce the deposition of A or Tau protein inside a transgenic mouse model [106]. Zhao et al. [107] reported detrimental effects of KD on cognitive functions. In particular, the authors found that KD impaired spatial learning, memory space, and brain growth in rats. It should be noted the KD used in this trial experienced a fat-to-protein plus carbohydrate percentage that was more than 2-fold higher than standard.