JE is a disease of major general public health importance due to its large epidemic potential, large case fatality rate (CFR), and sequelae among survivors [3]

JE is a disease of major general public health importance due to its large epidemic potential, large case fatality rate (CFR), and sequelae among survivors [3]. Approximately 2 billion people live in countries where JE presents a significant risk to humans and animals, particularly in China and India, with at least 700 million potentially susceptible children [4]. producing an enhanced threat. The disease is also highly common in animals. In Nepal, seroprevalence of JE in pigs, ducks, and horses was 48.11%, 26.79%, and 50.0%, respectively [6]. Phylogenetic analysis showed that JE isolates in India belonged to genogroup III [7]. Although most human being infections are slight or asymptomatic, about 50% of individuals who develop encephalitis suffer long term neurologic problems and 30% of them die due to the disease [8]. In 1973, JE outbreak was first recorded in the districts of Burdwan and Bankura in Western Bengal where 700 instances and 300 deaths were reported [9C13]. Since 1973, epidemics of JE have occurred in Western Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka [14]. Every year sporadic JE instances are reported indicating their endemicity with this state [15]. JE vaccination programme has been carried out from the State Health Rabbit Polyclonal to HRH2 Division, Government of Western Bengal. This study was targeted to see the present scenario of JE among acute encephalitis syndrome instances in Western Bengal. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Human being Blood and or CSF Samples Blood and/or CSF samples were referred and submitted to the referral Virology laboratory in the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, from 606 clinically diagnosed instances of acute encephalitis syndrome during the period from January 2011 to December 2012. Specimen collection and transportation of samples were purely monitored. 1?mL CSF and 2C5?mL of clotted blood sample were collected as per standard methods. The samples were transported to the virology laboratory keeping cold chain. The CSF and serum samples were stored at 4C in the refrigerator if tested within 3 days or minus 80 degree freezer for long-term storage. 2.2. Serological Study for JE IgM antibody capture (Mac pc) ELISA was performed within the CSF and serum samples by JE disease MAC ELISA kit supplied by the National Institute of Virology, Pune, as an integral part of the National Vector Borne Disease Control System. The samples were tested purely following a manufacturer’s protocol. 3. Results The present study was carried out in the Virology unit of the Microbiology Division of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, and comprised 606 clinically diagnosed instances of acute encephalitic syndrome. Among them 357 (59.92%) were males and 249 (41.08%) were females. 74 (12.21%) instances were found to be positive for JE. Table ENOblock (AP-III-a4) 1 demonstrates 23.84% and 21.05% of the JE positive cases were males and females, respectively, in 2011, whereas 4.8% and 5.2% of the JE positive instances were males and females, respectively, in 2012. In general, the variations between male and woman distributions ENOblock (AP-III-a4) of JE positive instances were not statistically significant at a 95% level. Table 1 Distribution of JE positive instances in 2011 and 2012. value is definitely highly significant below 0.01 level); similarly in females it fallen from 21.05% to 5.2% (value is highly significant below 0.01 level). Number 1 shows the distribution of the percentage of JE positive instances in the different age groups in the years 2011 and 2012. It was found that 48.21% and 61.11% of JE positive cases were below 20 years of age in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Open in a separate window Number 1 Percentage of JE positive instances in the various age groups, 2011-2012. Number 2 shows the regular monthly distribution of the JE positive instances (in ENOblock (AP-III-a4) percentage). It is evident that a larger quantity of JE instances occurred in the rainy time of year and after the rainy time of year. Open in a separate window Number 2 Monthly distribution of JE positive instances (in percentage), 2011-2012. Number 3 demonstrates sporadic JE positive instances were reported from almost all rural districts of Western Bengal. Maximum quantity of JE IgM positive instances occurred in Hooghly area followed by Birbhum in 2011. However, comparatively a larger number of cases were reported from Murshidabad, Bardhaman, and Howrah districts of Western Bengal in 2012. Open in a separate window Number 3 District smart distribution of JE positive instances (in percentage), 2011-2012. Out of 56 JE instances in 2011 collection listing could be done in.